Various Types of Manic Depression Drugs And Their Implications

Finding the proper medication or combination of medications to treat bipolar disorder can be a balancing act. Mood-stabilizing medications are used to even out the extreme highs and lows that bipolar disorder can cause.

Lithium is a commonly prescribed mood-stabilizing medication. Lithium may begin to control the mood swings within a couple weeks, but may take months to effectively manage the symptoms. The use of lithium requires regular blood tests to see if the medication is at its optimal, therapeutic level. A certain therapeutic level of lithium must be maintained in the blood in order for this medication to be effective. The doctor may check the blood levels frequently in the beginning of treatment to determine the optimal level for that patient.

Common side effects are increased thirst and urination, nausea, fatigue, drowsiness, weakness, and hand tremor. Weight gain may also occur. Women of childbearing age should be aware that lithium can cause birth defects.

A lithium overdose can be fatal. Signs of lithium toxicity include slurred speech, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, muscle twitching, and irregular heartbeat. With proper monitoring, lithium is a safe, effective medication to control bipolar disorder.

Depakote is the trade name for valproic acid. It is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat bipolar disorder. It can cause gastrointestinal side effects, headache, dizziness, anxiety, double vision, or confusion. Regular blood tests are used to check for adverse effects on the liver. Other anticonvulsants used to treat bipolar disorder include Lamictal, Neurontin, Tegretol, and Topamax.

Some people with bipolar disorder who have problems with depressive episodes may also have an anti-depressant medication prescribed. A psychiatrist will often stabilize the patient on a mood stabilizing medication before prescribing an anti-depressant. Too much anti-depressant medication can cause a manic episode, which is known as Bipolar Disorder Type III. Taking an antidepressant without the use of a mood stabilizer can cause rapid cycling.

There are three types of antidepressants, including tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Tricyclic antidepressants are older antidepressants, which tend to have bothersome side effects. MAOIs demand dietary restrictions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as Paxil, Zoloft, and Prozac, are usually the first antidepressants tried. When taking Paxil, never consume any beverage or other substance that includes St. John’s Wort. Someone taking Paxil may not realize that some popular brands of herbal and bottled tea contain St. John’s Wort.

Some people who suffer from bipolar disorder find other medications beneficial as well. Antipsychotic medications may be needed to control psychotic symptoms. Those plagued with anxiety or panic attacks may benefit from an antianxiety medication. A doctor may prescribe sleep medication for those who have difficulty sleeping. As with any medication, it is important for someone with bipolar disorder to work closely with their doctor or psychiatrist to determine what medication will best manage the symptoms of manic depression.

Next article: Manic Depression Quiz